Microsoft have now added a feature to allow control of whether private teams can be discovered by users within an organisation. When a private team is discoverable, it shows up in search results and is also included in suggestions in the gallery alongside public teams. This makes it easy for users to search #microsoftteams for and find the private teams that they want to join. Users can request to join a private team which a team owner can then approve or deny.
This feature is scheduled for roll out in June this year. According to the Microsoft article by Lana Chin:
Overview of public teams, private teams, and discovery in Teams
Most organizations have the following kinds of teams – public teams, discoverable private teams, and non-discoverable private teams.

Public teams
Public teams are available for all users in your organization to join. Public teams are visible to everyone in the teams gallery and users can join a public team without having to get approval from the team owner. Examples of public teams include a team to discuss news in technology, a team to get dogfood feedback for your products, and a team for people carpooling to work.
Discoverable private teams
Discoverable private teams can only be joined when the team owner adds users to them. When you make a private team discoverable, the team is included in the list of suggested teams and search results in the teams gallery. Use discoverable private teams for projects and groups in your organization that everyone is aware of and where access to conversations and files in the team need to be controlled. Examples include a team for your HR department, a team for all managers at your organization, and a team for a manager and their direct reports.
Non-discoverable private teams
Non-discoverable private teams can only be joined when the team owner adds users to them. When you make a private team not discoverable, it’s hidden from the list of suggested teams and removed from search results in the teams gallery. Use non-discoverable teams to collaborate on sensitive and highly confidential topics. Examples include a team to discuss an upcoming acquisition and a team to discuss a change in your organization’s strategic direction.
Set whether new private teams are discoverable
When a team owner creates a private team, they can choose to make it discoverable by configuring the team’s discovery setting. By default, new private teams are searchable and discoverable. If the team owner doesn’t want the private team to show up in search results and suggestions, they can turn off the setting by selecting Change setting next to This team is searchable and discoverable.

Set whether existing private teams are discoverable
Team owners can set the discovery setting for an existing private team directly in the team settings and admins can do so by using PowerShell.
In team settings
In Teams, go to the private team, click More options ˙˙˙ > Manage team. On the Settings tab, expand Team discovery, and then clear or select the Turn on discoverability check box.

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